How to Install a Drip Irrigation System in Your Yard

Plan the Drip Irrigation System

If this is your first venture into micro irrigation, start small and experiment to get a feel for how the system works. Choose one or two flowerbeds or a garden and install a simple one-zone garden drip system.

The basic planning strategy is to pick the best watering device to serve each type of plant. Then determine a flow rate that supplies adequate water to every plant in the watering zone.

• Start by measuring your garden and making a simple sketch.
• Choose the type and flow rate of the watering devices based on your soil type and the plants’ water needs. Mark these on the drip irrigation system plan and draw in the tubing route to connect them. This will involve a little guesswork.
• Try to cover all the root zones of your plants. Don’t worry about getting everything perfect at first.
• Add a few extra of each type of watering device and buy the watering devices, tubing and the basic parts shown in Figure B for the faucet hookup. Once you see how the drip irrigation system works, you’ll find it’s easy to relocate or add emitters to get a more balanced water flow or better coverage.
• Set up the system to run between one and two hours at a time, two or three times a week.

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DIY Irrigation System Planning Rules of Thumb

• Use 1/2-gph (gallons per hour) drippers in clay soil, one-gph drippers in loam, and two-gph drippers in sandy soil.
• Add the gph rate of all drippers, bubblers, sprayers and sprinklers you plan to use. If you’re using 1/2-in. tubing for the main line, limit the total to between 150 and 220 gallons per hour (check with the manufacturer).
• Limit the length of 1/2-in. tubing on one zone to a maximum of about 200 ft.
• Limit the total gph on a length of 1/4-in. tubing to 25 to 30.

As you add to the system, it’s best to divide your yard into groups of plants that have similar watering requirements. With this strategy, you add a separate system (zone), starting at the water source, for each group of plants or area of the yard. For help with planning a large, more complicated system (and for the best prices), work with a retailer that specializes in micro irrigation.

Begin at the Outside Faucet

The Y-splitter with shutoffs allows you to keep the drip system on all the time (and operated by a controller) and still use your regular garden hose. You don’t have to use a controller, but you must use a backflow preventer.

• Mount a ‘Y’ with shutoff valves to your faucet.
• Then attach the optional timer, backflow preventer, filter, pressure regulator and adapter.
  • Pro tip: Some of these components are available with hose thread or pipe thread, so make sure to match the thread type when you buy parts. Joining hose thread to pipe thread will result in leaks.

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Lay Out the Tubing

• Connect the 1/2-in. poly tubing to the faucet end, then lay the tubing through the garden according to your plan.
• Stake it down about every five or six feet.
• Remember, you can cover the tubing with decorative mulch later to hide it.
  •  Pro tip: Soak the tubing in warm water or lay it out in the sun for a little while to soften it and make it easier to work with.
• Cut the tubing with a pruning shears.

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Install the Fittings

Use T-fittings to create branches and elbows to make 90-degree bends.

• Buy fittings to match the brand of tubing you’re using. If you need to join two brands of tubing or you’re not sure which you have, you can buy universal fittings that will work on all diameters of tubing.
• You can bury 1/2-in. poly tubing in a shallow trench to conceal it as it crosses a path or small section of lawn. But for longer lengths, especially in high-traffic areas, we recommend substituting 1/2-in. PVC pipe instead.
• Buy adapters to connect the 1/2-in. poly tubing to the ends of the PVC pipe.
  • Pro tip: Check with your local plumbing inspector before burying any pipe to see whether special backflow prevention is required.

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Install the Connectors

• Punch holes in the tubing wherever you want to install a watering device.
• Push and twist until the tip of the punch creates a clean hole.
  • Pro tip: Hold the hole punch at a right angle to the tubing when you punch a hole for an emitter or a connector. This makes a round hole that will seal tightly around the barb of the emitter.
• Press a barbed connector into the hole in the 1/2-in. tubing.
• If the 1/4-in. tubing isn’t already attached, add a length of 1/4-in. tubing to reach your dripper, sprayer or sprinkler location.

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Install the Drip-System Watering Device

You can buy sprinklers and sprayers as assemblies that include a barbed connector, a short length of 1/4-in. tubing and a plastic stake, or buy the parts separately and assemble them yourself.

• Press pressure-compensating (PC) drippers, sprinklers or sprayers onto the end of the 1/4-in. tubing.
• Use a stake to support the dripper and anchor it in the root zone of the plant.
• When your DIY irrigation system installation is complete, flush the drip irrigation system by running water through it.
• Use end cap fittings to close the open ends of the 1/2-in. tubing.

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Types of Watering Devices

One of the first things you’ll notice when browsing the brochures or web sites is a wide variety of watering devices. Here are the basic types and a few things you need to know about each one. While the ones shown here are the most common, there are many other, more specialized emitters. See the micro irrigation catalogs for the other types and their uses.

Drippers

Use these to water container plants, individual plants, or buy “inline” drippers and use them in a series with a 1/4-in. tube.

• Drippers are color-coded for different flow rates between 1/2-gph and four-gph. In general, use lower flow rates for less porous soil, like clay, to allow more time for the water to soak in. Buy pressure-compensating (PC) drippers to maintain a steady flow despite the water pressure.

Bubblers

A cross between drippers and sprayers, many bubblers are adjustable for flows up to 35-gph and diameters to 18 inches.

• Since they put out more water than drippers, they’re good for larger plants like roses, tomatoes and shrubs.

Sprinklers

These are miniature versions of sprinklers you might use in the yard. Most have flow rates between 14- and 40-gph and cover a radius of three to 30 feet.

• Since most sprinklers have a relatively high flow rate, you can’t use more than about 15 or 20 in one zone of 1/2-in. tubing.

Sprayers

These are like sprinklers without moving parts. You can choose a spray pattern from a quarter circle up to a full circle, or buy sprayers with adjustable spray patterns.

• They spray from four- to 34-gph and up to a radius of about 12 feet.
• Use sprayers to water ground cover or densely planted flowerbeds.

Soaker Drip Line

Also called emitter tubing, drip line consists of 1/2-in. or 1/4-in. tubing with built-in drippers. It’s available with emitters spaced different distances apart for different flow rates.

• Drip line is great for vegetable gardens or rows of plants. You can use it to encircle shrubs and large plants, or lay it out in a grid pattern as a substitute for sprinklers in a densely planted flowerbed.
  • Pro tip: Use 1/4-in. drip line for maximum flexibility.

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Maintaining Your Drip Irrigation System

• • Clean the filter once a month (more often if you have well water with a lot of sediment).
  • Inspect the drippers occasionally to make sure they’re working.
  • In cold climates, prepare for winter by removing the shutoff Y-splitter, backflow preventer, controller, filter and pressure regulator and bringing them inside. Remove end plugs and drain or blow the water out of the system. Replace the caps and plug the faucet end of the tubing as well.